Updated 4/1608
Unit 1 -- 1/23/08
National Security
- BEGINNING AND ENDING A Total War
- The way WWII Began
- Pearl Harbor
(Dec. 1941)
- national security can no longer be taken for granted
- Munich (September 1938)
- after Pearl Harbor Munich becomes symbol of appeasement
- real tragedy of Munich is signal it sends to Stalin
- The Way WWII Ended
- ideological differences between SU and US
- geopolitical standoff between SU and US
- But German invasion of SU makes for strange bedfellows
- geopolitical differences muted, but real
- Ultimately, it is where the troops are when the war ends that matters
- Chruchill's Iron Crutain (1946)
- Truman Doctrine (1947)
- George Kennan basis for "containment" (1946)
- Total War:
- the individual becomes the uniform
- erases the line between enemy soldiers and civilians
- industrial output makes civilians central to war effort
- blurs the line between man and nature
- targeting civilian populations becomes easier, even portions of domestic population
Science and Technology are our great advantage and hope
- Science and technology are central to survival
- scientific mobiliztion starts slowly
- Science alternates between massive secrecy and massive publicity
- most program secret
- but to receive funding, programs need to generate publicity
- Science is institutionalized after WWII
- Fear of Autarky
- Defined: central government, not market determines wages and prices
- central controls of exports and imports
- it is a command economy, not free market economy
- Imposes these controls on all nations in its sphere of influence
- U.S. fears that we would have to fight Soviet autarky by becoming more like Soviet system
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- The Establishment
- particularly effective in foreign policy
- key to success is access to knowledge -- especially secret knowledge
- Stimson, Lovett, Forrestal, Acheson
- Formulate foreign policy based on experience with Munich, Pearl Harbor and WWII
- Two overaring principles
- U.S. now has the means to influence most nations around the world
- Credibility is crucial to foreign policy success
- If other countries do not believe we have the will to use resources, they mean nothing
Unit 2 -- 1/28
Digital Roundtable: Reciprocity Between Citizen and State
CLICK ON ROUNDTABLE
Sacrifice By ALL AMERICANS
Veterans Sacrificed Most: REwarded the most
GI Bill includes college, health benefits, affirmative action
Millions of Veterans introduced to psychology
Reciprocity means that benefits are ENTITLEMENTS, not handouts
Sacrifice comes in different shapes and forms
from stockings to taxes
One of the Expectations that emerge from WWII is ECONOMIC SECRUITY
fiscal stimulus
research and development
federal investment in infrastructure
Labor's liberal agenda
The business agenda
POLITICAL SECURITY
Defending Civil Liberties
- Japanese Americans
- African Ameircans
- Women at work
THE ORIGNS OF THE THERAPEUTIC STATE
FROM NEW DEAL LIBERLISM TO COLD WAR LIBERALISM
Unit 3 -- 2/4/08
Cold War, Warm TV
- MAINTAINING CONSENSUS AMIDST CONFORMITY AND REBELLION
- I Love Lucy
- Anxiety in the midst of confidence
- televison appearance saves the day for Lucy
- 10,00 Americans blacklisted not so fortunate
- Reasons for Anxiety
- External Threats
- Ideological Threats
- McCarthy offers simple answer: BETRAYAL
- Truman and the Institutioanl Style
- Cold War Conservatism: Joe McCarthy and the Renegade Style
- McCarthy uses the media to attack sacred cows
Consensus or Conformity?
- Lucille Ball the Renegade
- Lucy always loses in the end
- But did women have to be renegades to get basic rights?
Did McCarthy's outrageous behavior provide a simpler answer to
questions about the decline of American power?
Consensus in the Fifties
- What fueled consensus?
- prosperity
- comparative advantage
- wartime productivity increases
- pent-up demand
- the suburban dream
- family life and the baby boom
- The thin line between consensus and conformity
- Rebelling against consensus
- What's missing from this picture?
- the changing role of women
- The invisible men and women: African Americans
Unit 4 -- 2/11/08
From Kitchen to Kink
- From Brown
- How have race relations changed since the 1940s?
- Why should we care about the Civil Rights Movement?
- Freedom Now
- Brown V. Board of Education
- Montgomery Bus Boycott
- Greensboro Lunch Counter Sit-Ins
- Leadership: Martin Luther King
- To Black
- Malcolm X
- SNCC
- rejects top-down approach
- rejects liberal coalition
- Miss. Freedom Democratic Party
- Meaning of Black Power
- racial self-determination
- jection of non-violence
- race over class
- blac voting bloc
- Black Pride/Black Consciousness
Unit 5 -- 2/20
Experts Everywhere
- Secrecy
- Faith in experts
- due to sense of crisis
- Sputnik
- Exposes experts to publicity
- Experts crucial to Intl. prestige
- So we need more epxerts
- the National Defense Education Act
- Astronauts as salesmen for NASA
- JFK and the proministrative state
- NASA is proministrative model
- professional
- Promotional
- presidential support
- public relations
- works through iron trinagles
UNIT 6 2/24
Politics and Media
THE DAWN OF ELECTRONIC MEDIA IN CAMPAIGNS
Campaign organization and candidate's personality, projected on television replace party organization
The Election of 1960 as a case study
Kennedy's first challenge is to win the nomination
Very differnt system: party bosses control
JFK runs in primaries to impress party bosses
Kennedy has to prove that Catholic and 43 year old is ready to lead the free world
Wisconsin: win not enough becuase does not win Protestant districts
West Virginia: Kennedy wins becuase of money, and ORGANIZED use of polling and media
also wins because he organizes excitement of volunteers
like civil rights activists
Nixon is the experienced candidate
and this includes experience with television
Debates prove decisive
personality and looks become a far greater factor than before
Unit 7-- 3/10
Power to the People
- From New Left
- The Difference Between Old Left and New Left
- Where Did the New Left Come From
- Demographics of youth culture
- expansion of the university
- Catalyst is Civil Rights Movement
- The Port Huron Statement
- Roots in Liberal Programs
- But Rejects Cold War Formula
- Critiquce of Pluralism
- Participatory Democracy
- To Counterculture
- Counterculture promises to link the personal and the political
- Critique of existing culture
- alienating
- materialistic
- constrciting
- Counterculture stresses action; experience
- tension between freedom and commitment to community
- counterculture commercialized
- Berkeley in 1964
- personalizing the struggle
- participatory democracy in action
Unit 8 -- 3/19
Why Vietnam?
- Kennedy and Vietnam
- holds the line against communism
- Diem hung out to dry, 1963
- Why Vietnam
- Munich metaphor: aggression unchallenged is aggression unleashed
- hold the line against expansionist communism: domino theory
- must demonstrate our loyalty to our allies
- Public rationale is not far from real rationale
- Gulf of Tonkin Resolution: 1964
- Escalation from 1965 through 1969
- Richard Nixon's choice
- widens the war to Cambodia, 1970
- Paris Peace Accords, 1973
- Congress cuts of funding, 1973
- Saigon renamed Ho Chi Minh City, 1975
- The Legacy of Vietnam
- Had America reached its limits?
- Had America been held back?
- Answer to this question will inform your attitude towards war in Iraq
today
Unit 9 -- 3/24
Second Thoughts
- 1968: a year drenched in blood
- crime
- riots
- political assasination
- Vietnam War brings violence home
- Democratic Convention, Chicago
- violence permeates mainstream media
- Looks like reform from the Left has stalled
- Watts explodes just days after Voting Rights Act
- Running Against the Establishment
- The Establishment from 1945 to 1968
- Students Against the Establishment
- The Revolution of the White Ethnics
- Support from soical science: the original neoconservatives
- The counterculture stimulates a response
- From Local to National Reaction
- How Could Nixon Run Against the Establishment when he WAS the establishment?
- The New Nixon
- Nixon Picks up themes from Wallace
- law and order
- local control
- Nixon as spokesperson for the SILENT MAJORITY
The Old Spiro Agnew
Richard Nixon's Foreign Policy
- Domestic politics requires working with others
- Nixon sought greatness through foreign policy
- But radical changes require circumvention
- some times succeed
- some times enrage
- Secret bombing of Cambodia
- has a domestic espionage component
- Watergate
- Nixon applies secrecy and circumvention to partisan politics
- CREEP
- Break-in at Democratic HQ, Watergate
- self-investigation
- Nixon claims executive privelege
- The Press: Woodward and Bernsein
- The Coeverup
- Coverup unravels
- James Dean
- The Tapes
- Saturday Night Masacre
- The End
- Supreme Court orders tapes to Congress
- Impeachment Proceedings
- Nixon Resigns
- Legacies of Watergate
- undermines imperial presidency
- undermines confidence in authroity
- increases the power of the press
- Congress reasserts itself
WOMEN
- Brief history of "second wave" feminism
- middle class women return to the job market by late fifties and stay
- staying leads to different kinds of demands
- ideology: The Feminine Mystique
- treatment in civil rights movment and student movement
- Consciousness raising
- these groups combine the personal and the political
- tactics of non-violent protest
legal, regulatory and administrative action becomes crucial
- Revised Order # 4
- ENVIRONMENT
- ideology: Silent Spring
- Like Karen Silkwood, Carson combines her personal and professional
experieince
- Structural preconditions:
- rising income levels shift concerns to "quality of life"
- environemntal social movement has roots in earlier student movements
- issue networks: Sierra Club and Union of Concerned Scientists
- Symbolic events
- black water and burning water
- Legislation and REgulation
- EPA
- Envionrmental Impact Satements
4/7/08
- New Agendas: Affirmative Action
- Executive Order 11246
- Philadelphia Plan
- Bakke
- Dynamic new agendas
- social movements retool as interest groups
- intellectual rationale
- Judicial assertiveness
- MALAISE, STALEMATE, OR ECONOMIC DECLINE
- more than malaise in the air: distrust of government grows exponentially;
experts could no longer be trusted; left-leaning interest groups turn to the
courts, but this provokes a reaction on the right; it is now the right that
is creating the social movmeent/developing interest groups. Most important
factor behind so-called "malaise" is that America's economic fortunes
are delining in relative terms. New Right rides into this gloomy scenario,
with Ronald Reagan wearing the white hat.
- Early Ronald Reagan
- nominates GOldwater in 1964
- enumerates conservative themes:
- inidividual over the state
- attack on liberal social programs
- hold the line on communism
- preference for market
- fear of centralized government
- morality should be vested in the people, not government
- New Right
- Factors that Activates the social base that conservatives had failed
to capture
- America's Economic Decline
- loss of control in world affairs
- culture wars
- Reagan as President
- lowers taxes
- slows rate of increase in social spending
- embraces patriotism and rebuilds morale in military
- breaths new life into the Cold War
- Strategic Defense Initiative: Star Wars
- BUt exacerbates economic problems
- trade deficit grows
- largest budget deficits in history
- fails to increase productivity
- gap between rich and poor grows
- Viewing Ronald Reagan
- Reagan masters techniques of going directly to people
- simply bypasses the press as intermediary
- perfects the use of the video image
- Running as an outsider even WHILE serving as a two-term president and running
around the press by projecting the video images his advisers chose long in
advance, even as the press chattered on with its criticism, helped break the
policy logjam in Washington
4/1
Fighting and Ending the Cold War
- THE COLD WAR
- Berlin 1948Back to Berlin, 1961Cuban Missile Crisis, 1962Limited Test Ban Treaty, 1963
- Strategic Arms Limitations linked to Detente, 1972
Ronald Regan revs up the Cold War
- Window of Vulnerability?Reagan military build-upThe Evil Empire
- Angry Bear or Yogi Bear?
The End of the Cold War
- Gorbachev
Intermediate Nuclear Force Treaty (INF), 1987collpase of the Soviet Union
- collapse of the Berlin Wall
THE CONTEXT FOR 9/11
Globalization
- the end of the nation-state?globaliztion of:
- tradecommunciations/transporation
- environmental problems
- internal conflict over:
- ethnic relations
- religious views
Terrorists seek safe haven from global forces, and the secular nation-stateUse the very forces behind globalization against Western nation-states
- technologytrade and commercemass communications
- free travel and immigration
- Is history a guide to tradeoff between security and civil liberties?
Thanks for a great semester!
- Team HIUS 316.